net_left Kdata Phương Thức Thanh Toán

Gender Pay Equity Progress in US Is Slowed by Family Leave, Study Says

10 Tháng Giêng 2023
Gender Pay Equity Progress in US Is Slowed by Family Leave, Study Says © Bloomberg. AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND - MAY 05: Secondary school teacher Sarah Ward at home on maternity leave with her three month old daughter Esme Kelliher, is in the last week of her paid parental leave allowance ahead of the New Zealand Federal Budget release, on May 5, 2015 in Auckland, New Zealand. New Zealand's Minister of Finance Bill English has announced that Budget 2015 will be presented on May 21, 2015. (Photo by Fiona Goodall/Getty Images)

(Bloomberg) -- Family leave policies, though limited in scope and typically unpaid in the US, have hamstrung the progress toward gender wage parity since the 1990s, according to an economic paper.

The policies, led by the federal Family and Medical Leave Act enacted in 1993 and other state-based programs, account for 94% of the stalling out of steady improvement that had taken place in the two preceding decades, according to economists Peter Blair, of Harvard University, and Benjamin Posmanick of St. Bonaventure University.

“During the 1980s, the wage gap between White women and White men in the US declined by approximately 1 percentage point per year,” Blair and Posmanick wrote in the paper, distributed by the National Bureau of Economic Research. “In the decades since, the rate of gender wage convergence has stalled to less than one-third of its previous value.”

The economists cite other research showing that parental leave, disproportionately taken by women, and other forms of flexible work arrangements, tend to have a negative impact on women’s career trajectories and pay. Their analysis accounts for changes in the composition of the US labor market, including an expansion of the low-wage service sector, where female workers are overrepresented.

Women made about 70 cents for every dollar earned by male workers in the 1990s — much more than in the 1960s, when they made just over half of what men did. Progress since then has been slower, with women today earning, on average, 83 cents for every dollar a man makes, according to Labor Department and Census Bureau data.

Blair and Posmanick estimate that without family leave policies, the gender wage gap in the US between White women and White men could have been eliminated in 2017.

©2023 Bloomberg L.P.

Để lại bình luận
Hot Auto Trade Bot Phương Thức Thanh Toán
BROKERS ĐƯỢC CẤP PHÉP
net_home_top Ai VIF
22-09-2023 18:59:19 (UTC+7)

EUR/USD

1.0636

-0.0022 (-0.21%)

Summary

↑ Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (2)

Sell (10)

Indicators:

Buy (2)

Sell (7)

EUR/USD

1.0636

-0.0022 (-0.21%)

Summary

↑ Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (2)

Sell (10)

Indicators:

Buy (2)

Sell (7)

GBP/USD

1.2256

-0.0038 (-0.31%)

Summary

Neutral

Moving Avg:

Buy (6)

Sell (6)

Indicators:

Buy (4)

Sell (5)

USD/JPY

148.26

+0.68 (+0.46%)

Summary

↑ Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (1)

Sell (11)

Indicators:

Buy (1)

Sell (5)

AUD/USD

0.6451

+0.0034 (+0.53%)

Summary

↑ Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (9)

Sell (3)

Indicators:

Buy (7)

Sell (1)

USD/CAD

1.3435

-0.0048 (-0.36%)

Summary

↑ Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (0)

Sell (12)

Indicators:

Buy (1)

Sell (8)

EUR/JPY

157.71

+0.34 (+0.22%)

Summary

↑ Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (4)

Sell (8)

Indicators:

Buy (0)

Sell (9)

EUR/CHF

0.9643

-0.0001 (-0.01%)

Summary

↑ Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (4)

Sell (8)

Indicators:

Buy (2)

Sell (7)

Gold Futures

1,945.60

+6.00 (+0.31%)

Summary

Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (6)

Sell (6)

Indicators:

Buy (1)

Sell (7)

Silver Futures

23.997

+0.310 (+1.31%)

Summary

Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (6)

Sell (6)

Indicators:

Buy (1)

Sell (6)

Copper Futures

3.7263

+0.0303 (+0.82%)

Summary

↑ Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (11)

Sell (1)

Indicators:

Buy (9)

Sell (1)

Crude Oil WTI Futures

90.56

+0.93 (+1.04%)

Summary

Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (9)

Sell (3)

Indicators:

Buy (5)

Sell (2)

Brent Oil Futures

94.08

+0.78 (+0.84%)

Summary

Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (9)

Sell (3)

Indicators:

Buy (5)

Sell (3)

Natural Gas Futures

2.627

+0.017 (+0.65%)

Summary

↑ Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (2)

Sell (10)

Indicators:

Buy (2)

Sell (6)

US Coffee C Futures

155.00

+0.15 (+0.10%)

Summary

↑ Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (0)

Sell (12)

Indicators:

Buy (2)

Sell (7)

Euro Stoxx 50

4,203.35

-9.24 (-0.22%)

Summary

↑ Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (12)

Sell (0)

Indicators:

Buy (8)

Sell (0)

S&P 500

4,330.00

-72.20 (-1.64%)

Summary

↑ Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (0)

Sell (12)

Indicators:

Buy (0)

Sell (9)

DAX

15,553.55

-18.31 (-0.12%)

Summary

↑ Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (12)

Sell (0)

Indicators:

Buy (8)

Sell (0)

FTSE 100

7,723.79

+45.17 (+0.59%)

Summary

↑ Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (10)

Sell (2)

Indicators:

Buy (8)

Sell (0)

Hang Seng

18,085.00

+457.50 (+2.60%)

Summary

↑ Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (12)

Sell (0)

Indicators:

Buy (7)

Sell (0)

US Small Cap 2000

1,780.05

-30.05 (-1.66%)

Summary

↑ Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (0)

Sell (12)

Indicators:

Buy (0)

Sell (9)

IBEX 35

9,523.20

-25.70 (-0.27%)

Summary

↑ Sell

Moving Avg:

Buy (0)

Sell (12)

Indicators:

Buy (2)

Sell (6)

BASF SE NA O.N.

43.190

-0.275 (-0.63%)

Summary

Neutral

Moving Avg:

Buy (5)

Sell (7)

Indicators:

Buy (7)

Sell (2)

Bayer AG NA

47.91

+0.14 (+0.29%)

Summary

↑ Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (12)

Sell (0)

Indicators:

Buy (5)

Sell (1)

Allianz SE VNA O.N.

232.97

+3.03 (+1.32%)

Summary

Neutral

Moving Avg:

Buy (2)

Sell (10)

Indicators:

Buy (3)

Sell (2)

Adidas AG

163.22

+0.42 (+0.26%)

Summary

↑ Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (12)

Sell (0)

Indicators:

Buy (4)

Sell (3)

Deutsche Lufthansa AG

8.073

+0.007 (+0.09%)

Summary

↑ Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (12)

Sell (0)

Indicators:

Buy (10)

Sell (0)

Siemens AG Class N

133.71

+0.03 (+0.02%)

Summary

Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (6)

Sell (6)

Indicators:

Buy (6)

Sell (1)

Deutsche Bank AG

10.195

+0.103 (+1.02%)

Summary

Buy

Moving Avg:

Buy (9)

Sell (3)

Indicators:

Buy (5)

Sell (2)

 EUR/USD1.0636↑ Sell
 GBP/USD1.2256Neutral
 USD/JPY148.26↑ Sell
 AUD/USD0.6451↑ Buy
 USD/CAD1.3435↑ Sell
 EUR/JPY157.71↑ Sell
 EUR/CHF0.9643↑ Sell
 Gold1,945.60Sell
 Silver23.997Sell
 Copper3.7263↑ Buy
 Crude Oil WTI90.56Buy
 Brent Oil94.08Buy
 Natural Gas2.627↑ Sell
 US Coffee C155.00↑ Sell
 Euro Stoxx 504,203.35↑ Buy
 S&P 5004,330.00↑ Sell
 DAX15,553.55↑ Buy
 FTSE 1007,723.79↑ Buy
 Hang Seng18,085.00↑ Buy
 Small Cap 20001,780.05↑ Sell
 IBEX 359,523.20↑ Sell
 BASF43.190Neutral
 Bayer47.91↑ Buy
 Allianz232.97Neutral
 Adidas163.22↑ Buy
 Lufthansa8.073↑ Buy
 Siemens AG133.71Buy
 Deutsche Bank AG10.195Buy
Mua/Bán 1 chỉ SJC
# So hôm qua # Chênh TG
SJC Eximbank6,845/ 6,895
(0/ 0) # 1,209
SJC HCM6,835/ 6,905
(0/ 0) # 1,218
SJC Hanoi6,835/ 6,907
(0/ 0) # 1,220
SJC Danang6,835/ 6,907
(0/ 0) # 1,220
SJC Nhatrang6,835/ 6,907
(0/ 0) # 1,220
SJC Cantho6,835/ 6,907
(0/ 0) # 1,220
Cập nhật 22-09-2023 18:59:23
Xem lịch sử giá vàng SJC: nhấn đây!
ↀ Giá vàng thế giới
$1,926.64+5.180.27%
Live 24 hour Gold Chart
ʘ Giá bán lẻ xăng dầu
Sản phẩmVùng 1Vùng 2
RON 95-V26.27026.790
RON 95-III25.74026.250
E5 RON 92-II24.19024.670
DO 0.05S23.59024.060
DO 0,001S-V24.45024.930
Dầu hỏa 2-K23.81024.280
ↂ Giá dầu thô thế giới
WTI$90.26+8.250.10%
Brent$93.10+7.440.09%
$ Tỷ giá Vietcombank
Ngoại tệMua vàoBán ra
USD24.160,0024.530,00
EUR25.268,4426.681,69
GBP29.070,8130.308,53
JPY160,27169,69
KRW15,7819,23
Cập nhật lúc 18:54:53 22/09/2023
Xem bảng tỷ giá hối đoái
Phương Thức Thanh Toán