


(Bloomberg) -- Family leave policies, though limited in scope and typically unpaid in the US, have hamstrung the progress toward gender wage parity since the 1990s, according to an economic paper.
The policies, led by the federal Family and Medical Leave Act enacted in 1993 and other state-based programs, account for 94% of the stalling out of steady improvement that had taken place in the two preceding decades, according to economists Peter Blair, of Harvard University, and Benjamin Posmanick of St. Bonaventure University.
“During the 1980s, the wage gap between White women and White men in the US declined by approximately 1 percentage point per year,” Blair and Posmanick wrote in the paper, distributed by the National Bureau of Economic Research. “In the decades since, the rate of gender wage convergence has stalled to less than one-third of its previous value.”
The economists cite other research showing that parental leave, disproportionately taken by women, and other forms of flexible work arrangements, tend to have a negative impact on women’s career trajectories and pay. Their analysis accounts for changes in the composition of the US labor market, including an expansion of the low-wage service sector, where female workers are overrepresented.
Women made about 70 cents for every dollar earned by male workers in the 1990s — much more than in the 1960s, when they made just over half of what men did. Progress since then has been slower, with women today earning, on average, 83 cents for every dollar a man makes, according to Labor Department and Census Bureau data.
Blair and Posmanick estimate that without family leave policies, the gender wage gap in the US between White women and White men could have been eliminated in 2017.
©2023 Bloomberg L.P.
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EUR/USD
1.0636
-0.0022 (-0.21%)
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Sell (10)
Indicators:
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Sell (7)
GBP/USD
1.2256
-0.0038 (-0.31%)
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Sell (6)
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USD/JPY
148.26
+0.68 (+0.46%)
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Buy (1)
Sell (11)
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Buy (1)
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AUD/USD
0.6451
+0.0034 (+0.53%)
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Buy (9)
Sell (3)
Indicators:
Buy (7)
Sell (1)
USD/CAD
1.3435
-0.0048 (-0.36%)
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Sell (12)
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EUR/JPY
157.71
+0.34 (+0.22%)
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Sell (8)
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EUR/CHF
0.9643
-0.0001 (-0.01%)
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Sell (8)
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Buy (2)
Sell (7)
Gold Futures
1,945.60
+6.00 (+0.31%)
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Sell (6)
Indicators:
Buy (1)
Sell (7)
Silver Futures
23.997
+0.310 (+1.31%)
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Sell (6)
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Sell (6)
Copper Futures
3.7263
+0.0303 (+0.82%)
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Buy (11)
Sell (1)
Indicators:
Buy (9)
Sell (1)
Crude Oil WTI Futures
90.56
+0.93 (+1.04%)
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BuyMoving Avg:
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Sell (3)
Indicators:
Buy (5)
Sell (2)
Brent Oil Futures
94.08
+0.78 (+0.84%)
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BuyMoving Avg:
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Sell (3)
Indicators:
Buy (5)
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Natural Gas Futures
2.627
+0.017 (+0.65%)
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Sell (10)
Indicators:
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Sell (6)
US Coffee C Futures
155.00
+0.15 (+0.10%)
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Sell (12)
Indicators:
Buy (2)
Sell (7)
Euro Stoxx 50
4,203.35
-9.24 (-0.22%)
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Buy (12)
Sell (0)
Indicators:
Buy (8)
Sell (0)
S&P 500
4,330.00
-72.20 (-1.64%)
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Buy (0)
Sell (12)
Indicators:
Buy (0)
Sell (9)
DAX
15,553.55
-18.31 (-0.12%)
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Buy (12)
Sell (0)
Indicators:
Buy (8)
Sell (0)
FTSE 100
7,723.79
+45.17 (+0.59%)
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Sell (2)
Indicators:
Buy (8)
Sell (0)
Hang Seng
18,085.00
+457.50 (+2.60%)
Summary
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Buy (12)
Sell (0)
Indicators:
Buy (7)
Sell (0)
US Small Cap 2000
1,780.05
-30.05 (-1.66%)
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Buy (0)
Sell (12)
Indicators:
Buy (0)
Sell (9)
IBEX 35
9,523.20
-25.70 (-0.27%)
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Buy (0)
Sell (12)
Indicators:
Buy (2)
Sell (6)
BASF SE NA O.N.
43.190
-0.275 (-0.63%)
Summary
NeutralMoving Avg:
Buy (5)
Sell (7)
Indicators:
Buy (7)
Sell (2)
Bayer AG NA
47.91
+0.14 (+0.29%)
Summary
↑ BuyMoving Avg:
Buy (12)
Sell (0)
Indicators:
Buy (5)
Sell (1)
Allianz SE VNA O.N.
232.97
+3.03 (+1.32%)
Summary
NeutralMoving Avg:
Buy (2)
Sell (10)
Indicators:
Buy (3)
Sell (2)
Adidas AG
163.22
+0.42 (+0.26%)
Summary
↑ BuyMoving Avg:
Buy (12)
Sell (0)
Indicators:
Buy (4)
Sell (3)
Deutsche Lufthansa AG
8.073
+0.007 (+0.09%)
Summary
↑ BuyMoving Avg:
Buy (12)
Sell (0)
Indicators:
Buy (10)
Sell (0)
Siemens AG Class N
133.71
+0.03 (+0.02%)
Summary
BuyMoving Avg:
Buy (6)
Sell (6)
Indicators:
Buy (6)
Sell (1)
Deutsche Bank AG
10.195
+0.103 (+1.02%)
Summary
BuyMoving Avg:
Buy (9)
Sell (3)
Indicators:
Buy (5)
Sell (2)
EUR/USD | 1.0636 | ↑ Sell | |||
GBP/USD | 1.2256 | Neutral | |||
USD/JPY | 148.26 | ↑ Sell | |||
AUD/USD | 0.6451 | ↑ Buy | |||
USD/CAD | 1.3435 | ↑ Sell | |||
EUR/JPY | 157.71 | ↑ Sell | |||
EUR/CHF | 0.9643 | ↑ Sell |
Gold | 1,945.60 | Sell | |||
Silver | 23.997 | Sell | |||
Copper | 3.7263 | ↑ Buy | |||
Crude Oil WTI | 90.56 | Buy | |||
Brent Oil | 94.08 | Buy | |||
Natural Gas | 2.627 | ↑ Sell | |||
US Coffee C | 155.00 | ↑ Sell |
Euro Stoxx 50 | 4,203.35 | ↑ Buy | |||
S&P 500 | 4,330.00 | ↑ Sell | |||
DAX | 15,553.55 | ↑ Buy | |||
FTSE 100 | 7,723.79 | ↑ Buy | |||
Hang Seng | 18,085.00 | ↑ Buy | |||
Small Cap 2000 | 1,780.05 | ↑ Sell | |||
IBEX 35 | 9,523.20 | ↑ Sell |
BASF | 43.190 | Neutral | |||
Bayer | 47.91 | ↑ Buy | |||
Allianz | 232.97 | Neutral | |||
Adidas | 163.22 | ↑ Buy | |||
Lufthansa | 8.073 | ↑ Buy | |||
Siemens AG | 133.71 | Buy | |||
Deutsche Bank AG | 10.195 | Buy |
Mua/Bán 1 chỉ SJC # So hôm qua # Chênh TG | |
---|---|
SJC Eximbank | 6,845![]() ![]() (0/ 0) # 1,209 |
SJC HCM | 6,835![]() ![]() (0/ 0) # 1,218 |
SJC Hanoi | 6,835![]() ![]() (0/ 0) # 1,220 |
SJC Danang | 6,835![]() ![]() (0/ 0) # 1,220 |
SJC Nhatrang | 6,835![]() ![]() (0/ 0) # 1,220 |
SJC Cantho | 6,835![]() ![]() (0/ 0) # 1,220 |
Cập nhật 22-09-2023 18:59:23 | |
Xem lịch sử giá vàng SJC: nhấn đây! |
ↀ Giá vàng thế giới | ||
---|---|---|
$1,926.64 | +5.18 | 0.27% |
ʘ Giá bán lẻ xăng dầu | ||
---|---|---|
Sản phẩm | Vùng 1 | Vùng 2 |
RON 95-V | 26.270 | 26.790 |
RON 95-III | 25.740 | 26.250 |
E5 RON 92-II | 24.190 | 24.670 |
DO 0.05S | 23.590 | 24.060 |
DO 0,001S-V | 24.450 | 24.930 |
Dầu hỏa 2-K | 23.810 | 24.280 |
ↂ Giá dầu thô thế giới | |||
---|---|---|---|
WTI | $90.26 | +8.25 | 0.10% |
Brent | $93.10 | +7.44 | 0.09% |
$ Tỷ giá Vietcombank | ||
---|---|---|
Ngoại tệ | Mua vào | Bán ra |
USD | 24.160,00 | 24.530,00 |
EUR | 25.268,44 | 26.681,69 |
GBP | 29.070,81 | 30.308,53 |
JPY | 160,27 | 169,69 |
KRW | 15,78 | 19,23 |
Cập nhật lúc 18:54:53 22/09/2023 Xem bảng tỷ giá hối đoái |